ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is a member of the normal flora of the skin, mucous membrane and gastrointestinal tract. Vaginal candidiasis remains a significant problem in women in childbearing age, Majority of the cases are caused by C. albicans and recurrence is common in spite of topical treatment. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to develop the antifungal agent from the medicinal herbs traditionally used in Korea. METHOD: In this study, the extracts and essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare and Illicium verum were examined for antifungal activities against C. albicans. RESULT: Dichloromethane extracts and essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare and Illicium verum showed antifungal activity against C. albicans. One fraction from Illicium verum with antifungal activity was founf out as 1-methoxy-4-(2-prophenyl) benzene. CONCLUSION: Dichloromethane extract and 1-methoxy-4-(2-prophenyl) benzene with antifungal activity from Illicium verum could be the candidate for a new antifungal agent for candidiasis and other fungal diseases.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Benzene , Candida , Candida albicans , Candidiasis , Foeniculum , Gastrointestinal Tract , Illicium , Methylene Chloride , Mucous Membrane , Oils, Volatile , Plants, Medicinal , Recurrence , SkinABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is a member of the normal flora of the skin, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract. Vaginal candidiasis remains a significant problem in women OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop the antifungal agent from the medicinal herbs traditionally used in Korea. Method: In this study, the essential oil of eucalyptus, cedar wood, clary sage, orange sweet and eucapytol were examined for antifungal activities against C. albicans. RESULTS: 1. Eucalyptus essential oil and eucapytol showed antifungal activity against C. albicans. 2. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Eucapytol against eight strains and standard strains was 12.5 microliter/ml and 6.25 microliter/ml against two strains. 3. MIC of eucapytol was 25 microliter/ml against eight strains and 50 microliter/ml against two. CONCLUSION: Eucalyptus essential oil and eucalytol could be a candidate for a new antifungal agent for candidiasis and other fungal diseases.
Subject(s)
Candida , Candida albicans , Candidiasis , Citrus sinensis , Eucalyptus , Gastrointestinal Tract , Mucous Membrane , Plants, Medicinal , Skin , WoodABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is a member of the normal flora of the skin, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract. Vaginal candidiasis remains a significant problem in women OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop the antifungal agent from the medicinal herbs traditionally used in Korea. Method: In this study, the essential oil of eucalyptus, cedar wood, clary sage, orange sweet and eucapytol were examined for antifungal activities against C. albicans. RESULTS: 1. Eucalyptus essential oil and eucapytol showed antifungal activity against C. albicans. 2. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Eucapytol against eight strains and standard strains was 12.5 microliter/ml and 6.25 microliter/ml against two strains. 3. MIC of eucapytol was 25 microliter/ml against eight strains and 50 microliter/ml against two. CONCLUSION: Eucalyptus essential oil and eucalytol could be a candidate for a new antifungal agent for candidiasis and other fungal diseases.
Subject(s)
Candida , Candida albicans , Candidiasis , Citrus sinensis , Eucalyptus , Gastrointestinal Tract , Mucous Membrane , Plants, Medicinal , Skin , WoodABSTRACT
Hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water extracts from Galla rhois were examined for antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolated from the patients with recurrent vaginal candidiasis. Only methanol extract showed anticandidal activity and the methanol extract was fractionated through silica gel column. Each fraction had not antifugal activity but mixture of three fractions showed antifungal activity. The results showed that the methanol extract from Galla rhois had antifungal activity against Candida albicans and could be a candidate for new antifungal agent. BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is a member of the normal flora of the skin, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract. Vaginal candidiasis remains a significant problem in women of childbearing age, majority of the cases are caused by C. albicans and recurrence is common in spite of topical treatment. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop the antifungal agent from the medicinal herbs traditionally used in Korea. METHOD: In this study, the extracts from Galla rhois were examined for antifungal activities against C. albicans. Galla fhois was extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water respectively and serially. Silica gel column chromatography and thin layer chromatography were used to separate the fractions with antifungal activity. RESULTS: Only methanol extract showed the antifungal activity aginst C. albicans. CONCLUSION: Methanol extract from Galla rhois could be a candidate for a new antifungal agent against C. albicans.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Candida albicans , Candida , Candidiasis , Chromatography , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Gastrointestinal Tract , Korea , Methanol , Methylene Chloride , Mucous Membrane , Plants, Medicinal , Recurrence , Silica Gel , Skin , WaterABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is one of the normal flora of the skin, mucous membranes and gastrointestinal tract. Vaginal candidiasis remains a significant problem in women of childbearing age, majority of the cases are caused by C. albicans and recurrence is common in spite of topical treatment. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to develop the antifungal agent from the medicinal herbs traditionally used in Korea. METHODS: In this study, extracts from roots of Paeonia japonica were examined for antifungal activities against C. albicans. Dried roots of Paeonia japonica were extracted with dichloromethane, methanol, water respectively and serially. Liquid column chromatography and thin layer chromatography were used to separate the fractions with antifungal activity, and mass spectrometric analysis was done to determine the mass. RESULTS: Dichloromethane extract showed the highest antifungal activity aginst C. albicans. Result of fractionation and mass spectrometric analysis revealed that there were six materials: propanal, cytidine, hexadecanoic acid, cholesterol, octadecanoic acid and a unidentified material. CONCLUSION: Dichloromethane extract from Paeonia japonica could be a candidate for a new antifungal agent against C. albicans.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Candida albicans , Candida , Candidiasis , Cholesterol , Chromatography , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Cytidine , Gastrointestinal Tract , Korea , Methanol , Methylene Chloride , Mucous Membrane , Paeonia , Palmitic Acid , Plants, Medicinal , Recurrence , Skin , WaterABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Abuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics have resulted in emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, increased nosocomial infections and urgency of developing new drugs effectively coping the resistant microorganisms. Recently infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (MIC=8 microgram/mL) have been reported in both Japan and the United States. Micro-broth dilution method and population analysis method revealed that those strains in Japan were heterogeneously resistant to vancomycin. The aim of this study was to determine the susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 99 MRSA strains to vancomycin by modified microplate-broth dilution method with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. METHODS: Susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration of stains of MRSA collected to vancomycin were determined by micro-plate broth dilution method with triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution, one of the growth indicator of microorganisms. RESULTS: MICs of 99 strains of MRSA isolated from otorrhea, pus, blood, respiratory tract, tissue fluid, and sputum to vancomycin were determined with microplate-broth dilution method with triphenyltetrazolium chloride. All the 99 strains showed MIC under 8 microgram/mL, there was no strain with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. Microplate-broth dilution method with triphenyltetrazolium chloride was simple, easy to interpret the results. CONCLUSION: All the strains of MRSA tested for the susceptibility to vancomycin were susceptible to vancomycin. The microplate-broth dilution method with triphenyltetrazolium chloride was simple, easy to interpret the results and economic, and it is suggested that this method could be applied to the antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the other bacteria and fungi.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Bacteria , Coloring Agents , Cross Infection , Fungi , Japan , Methicillin Resistance , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Respiratory System , Sputum , Suppuration , United States , VancomycinABSTRACT
No Abstract Available.
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No Abstract Available.
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PURPOSE: In recent years, the authors experienced a distinctive clinical entity of multiple intestinal ulcerations and perforations in infants. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of this entity, examine th possible pathogenesis and the effective treatment. METHODS: Seven infants underwent abdominal exploration under suspicion of surgical abdomen and were noted to have multiple intestinal ulcerations and perforations without evidence of necrotizing enterocolitis by the members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The clinical courses, operative findings, bacterial cultures, pathologic findings, treatment and prognosis of these seven cases were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: The characteristics of this entity are as follows : The initial presenting symptoms were all different. Despite conservative treatment with a broad spectrum of antibiotics, diarrhea and abdominal distention developed and progressively grew worse. At laparotomy, all patients exhibited numerous typical transverse linear ulcerative lesions with pin-point perforations scattered mainly in the small bowel. Histologic evaluations of the resected specimens revealed mucosal ulcerations with neutrophil infiltration, submucosal microabscesses and colonies of gram-positive cocci. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was the predominant organism cultured from the body fluid. Only two cases, the completely-resected one and the one immediately treated with vancomycin after operation, survived. CONCLUSION: We think this distinct clinical entity exhibiting multiple intestinal ulcerations and perforations is caused by MRSA occurring in infants. It has a high mortality because it is verydifficult to diagnosis in young infants before laparotomy. Vancomycin is highly effective in treating MRSA, so we think the early diagnosis of this entity can make the treatment successful.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Abdomen , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Body Fluids , Diagnosis , Diarrhea , Early Diagnosis , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing , Gram-Positive Cocci , Intestinal Perforation , Laparotomy , Methicillin Resistance , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Mortality , Neutrophil Infiltration , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Staphylococcus , Ulcer , VancomycinABSTRACT
PURPOSE: In recent years, the authors experienced a distinctive clinical entity of multiple intestinal ulcerations and perforations in infants. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of this entity, examine th possible pathogenesis and the effective treatment. METHODS: Seven infants underwent abdominal exploration under suspicion of surgical abdomen and were noted to have multiple intestinal ulcerations and perforations without evidence of necrotizing enterocolitis by the members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The clinical courses, operative findings, bacterial cultures, pathologic findings, treatment and prognosis of these seven cases were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: The characteristics of this entity are as follows : The initial presenting symptoms were all different. Despite conservative treatment with a broad spectrum of antibiotics, diarrhea and abdominal distention developed and progressively grew worse. At laparotomy, all patients exhibited numerous typical transverse linear ulcerative lesions with pin-point perforations scattered mainly in the small bowel. Histologic evaluations of the resected specimens revealed mucosal ulcerations with neutrophil infiltration, submucosal microabscesses and colonies of gram-positive cocci. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was the predominant organism cultured from the body fluid. Only two cases, the completely-resected one and the one immediately treated with vancomycin after operation, survived. CONCLUSION: We think this distinct clinical entity exhibiting multiple intestinal ulcerations and perforations is caused by MRSA occurring in infants. It has a high mortality because it is verydifficult to diagnosis in young infants before laparotomy. Vancomycin is highly effective in treating MRSA, so we think the early diagnosis of this entity can make the treatment successful.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Abdomen , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Body Fluids , Diagnosis , Diarrhea , Early Diagnosis , Enterocolitis, Necrotizing , Gram-Positive Cocci , Intestinal Perforation , Laparotomy , Methicillin Resistance , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Mortality , Neutrophil Infiltration , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Staphylococcus , Ulcer , VancomycinABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Most of the current licensed viral and bacterial vaccines produced in the world are in the state of antigen suspension, and the immunogenicities of the vaccines can be maintained for one to two years at 4 degrees C, but without refrigeration vaccines easily lose their immunogenicities. METHODS: In this study, as an attempt to improve the stability and maintenancee of the immunogenicity of the vaccines at room termperature or at higher temperatures, sucrose, lactose and glucose were added into the leptospira vaccines respectively, and kept at 37 degrees Cfor 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. The vaccines were inoculated twice into Sprague Dawley rats after 7 days' interval and the titers of the antibodies against the antigen of Leptosp ira icterohemorrhagiae in the sera from rats were measured. Results were evaluated by logistic regress analysis (SAS/PC). RESULTS: Sera from rats inoculated with the normal contol vaccine kept at 4 degrees Cfor 7 days showed antibody titers of 1:20 ~80. The vaccine without sugar exposed at 37 degrees Cfor one day nearly lost its immunogenicity. And the vaccine contained sucrose could keep the immunogenicity at least for 7days at 37 degrees C(p=0.001), though the titers were slightly lower than the titer of normal control. Stabilities of lactose and glucose were lower than sucrose. CONCLUSION: Addition of sucrose, lactose and glucose could increase the stability of leptospira vaccine. 7.5% and 10% sucrose in vaccine could maintain the immunogenicity of leptospira vaccine for 7 days at 37 degrees C. This method is expected to be applied to the production of other viral and bacterial vaccines.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Antibodies , Bacterial Vaccines , Carbohydrates , Glucose , Lactose , Leptospira , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Refrigeration , Sucrose , VaccinesABSTRACT
Serum samples from 123 males and 123 females collected by age in 1996 were analyzed for antibodies against surface antigen of Hepatitis B virus and C22-3, C200 antigens of Hepatitis C virus. Sera from the children under the age of 10 showed 30% seropositivity to the surface antigen of Hepatitis B virus, 33.3% in 10~19 year group, 20% in 20~29 year group, 17.6% in 30~39 year group, 3.3% in 40~49 year group, 5.9% in 50~59 year group, 8,3% in 60~69 year group, 2.9% in 70~79 year group, but antibody could not found in 80~86 year group. 12 out of 123 male sera were positive, 19 out of 123 female sera were positive and overall rate of positivity of antibody against surface antigen of Hepatitis B virus was 12.6%. Serum samples from peoples under the age of 30 had not antibody against C22-3, C200 antigens of Hepatitis C virus. The positivity rate was 2.9% in 30~39 year group. 5 out of 30 sera from 40~49 year age group were positive, and 3 positive sera showed extremely high titer (1:524,288) but the titers of two remaining sera were 1:32, 1:8,192 respectively. 5.9% was positive in 50~59 year group, 8.3% in 60~69 year group, 11.8% in 70~79 year group but all negative in 80~86 yea. group. 6 out of 123 male sera were positive (4.9%), 9 out of 123 female sera were positive (7.3%). Overall .ate of positivity of antibody against C22-3, C200 antigen of Hepatitis C virus was 6.1%. None out of 246 sera had both antibodies against Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C virus.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Antibodies , Antigens, Surface , Hepacivirus , Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C , HepatitisABSTRACT
Most of the current licenced hepatitis B vaccines are being produced by recombinant DNA technology in large fermentation cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae of yeast cells which carry the gene coded for hepatitis B virus surface antigen. These vaccines are proved very effective clinically and the immunogenicity of vaccines could be maintained for a long time under refrigeration. To develope the stabilizer that could increase the stability of hepatitis B virus vaccine which could be stored for a long period at room temperature or higher conditions, glucose, lactose and sucrose solutions in phosphate buffered saline were added into hepatitis B vaccine respectively to make 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% final concentration in vaccines. These sugar-vaccine mixtures were stored at room temperature for one month, two months and three months respectively and then inoculated into ICR mice intramuscularly. On the fourteenth day after inoculation, mice were bled and sera were tested for the evaluation of efficacies of vaccines. The results showed that 5% glucose, 7.5% lactose and sucrose increased the stability of vaccines in some degree and this method could be applied for the production of other viral vaccines and bacterial vaccines.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Antigens, Surface , Bacterial Vaccines , Carbohydrates , DNA, Recombinant , Fermentation , Glucose , Hepatitis B Vaccines , Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis , Lactose , Mice, Inbred ICR , Refrigeration , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Sucrose , Vaccines , Viral Vaccines , YeastsABSTRACT
No abstract available.